Induction heating is the process of heating an electrically conducting object (usually a metal) by electromagnetic induction, through heat generated in the object by eddy currents. An induction heater consists of an electromagnet, and an electronic oscillator that...
Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), also known as manual metal arc welding (MMA or MMAW), or regularly as stick welding is a manual arc welding process that uses a consumable electrode covered with a flux to produce the weld. An electric current, in the form of either...
Types of electrodes and their compositions Many types of manual metal arc (MMA) electrodes are available on the market. Depending on the main constituent of their flux, they are grouped into three categories: cellulosic, rutile and basic. All electrodes consist of a...
To confirm that a weld has been made to specification it is usually required to measure and often document the parameters that have been used. For arc welding the main parameters are as follows: Welding current Arc voltage Travel speed These parameters can be used to...
Following on from Volume 32, discussed here are another set of defects and imperfections that are common in welds. Solidification Cracking A crack may be defined as a local discontinuity produced by a fracture which can arise from the stresses generated...
Continuing with our collaboration with TWI, the AWI has bought you a further series of Job Knowledge articles. The following articles are all about typical fabrication defects, their possible causes and suggestions of remedies. Incomplete root fusion and...
